Download Computer Networks Aktu Notes
Explore and Download Computer Networks Aktu Notes (BCS603) for B.tech 3rd year students. In the digital age, understanding computer networks is more vital than ever. Whether you are an aspiring engineer or someone simply curious about how the internet functions, having a solid grasp of networking concepts is essential. In this post, we will break down the key elements of computer networks, offering detailed notes specifically tailored for AKTU (Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University) students. Get ready to explore the fascinating world of computer networks, their types, protocols, and more!
Syllabus for Computer Networks Aktu Notes
| SR. NO. | DISCRIPTION |
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1 |
Introductory Concepts: Goals and applications of networks, Categories of networks, Organization
of the Internet, ISP, Network structure and architecture (layering principles, services, protocols and
standards), The OSI reference model, TCP/IP protocol suite, Network devices and components.
Physical Layer:
Network topology design, Types of connections, Transmission media, Signal transmission and
encoding, Network performance and transmission impairments, Switching techniques and
multiplexing.
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2 |
Link layer: Framing, Error Detection and Correction, Flow control (Elementary Data Link
Protocols, Sliding Window protocols).
Medium Access Control and Local Area Networks: Channel allocation, Multiple access protocols,
LAN standards, Link layer switches & bridges (learning bridge and spanning tree algorithms).
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3 |
Network Layer: Point-to-point networks, Logical addressing, Basic internetworking (IP, CIDR,
ARP, RARP, DHCP, ICMP), Routing, forwarding and delivery, Static and dynamic routing,
Routing algorithms and protocols, Congestion control algorithms, IPv6.
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4 |
Transport Layer: Process-to-process delivery, Transport layer protocols (UDP and TCP),
Multiplexing, Connection management, Flow control and retransmission, Window management,
TCP Congestion control, Quality of service. |
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5 |
Application Layer: Domain Name System, World Wide Web and Hyper Text Transfer Protocol,
Electronic mail, File Transfer Protocol, Remote login, Network management, Data compression,
Cryptography – basic concepts. |
Understanding Computer Networks
What is a Computer Network?
A computer network refers to a collection of interconnected devices that can communicate with each other. These devices can be computers, printers, servers, or any other hardware that is capable of sending and receiving data.
Key Characteristics of Computer Networks:
Data Sharing: One of the main benefits of networks is the ability to share resources and data among multiple users.
Scalability: Networks can grow easily. You can add new devices without overhauling the entire system.
Cost Efficiency: Sharing resources such as printers and internet connections can significantly reduce expenses.
Types of Computer Networks
Computer networks can be classified into various types based on their scale, reach, and application:
Local Area Network (LAN)
LANs cover a small geographic area, such as a single building or campus. They typically offer high data transfer rates and low latency. Common LAN technologies include Ethernet and Wi-Fi.
Applications: Used in offices and schools for data sharing and resource management.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
WANs span larger geographic areas, often connecting multiple LANs. The internet itself is the largest example of a WAN.
Characteristics:
Slower than LANs
Utilizes leased telecommunication lines
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
A MAN typically covers a city or a large campus and is larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN.
Examples: City-wide Wi-Fi networks or connecting multiple buildings within a university.
Networking Protocols
Networking protocols are a set of rules that govern how data is transmitted over a network. Understanding these protocols is crucial for effective communication between devices.
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
TCP/IP is the foundational protocol suite for the internet. It dictates how data packets are transmitted and received.
Functionality:
TCP ensures the reliable transmission of data.
IP handles the addressing and routing of packets.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
HTTP is used for transmitting web pages on the internet. It allows users to access and exchange information on the World Wide Web.
Version: HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 offer improvements in speed and efficiency over the earlier versions.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
SMTP is used for sending and receiving emails. It ensures that email messages are correctly transmitted from the sender to the recipient.
Network Topologies
Network topology refers to the arrangement of different elements in a computer network. Several common topologies include:
Star Topology
In a star topology, all devices are connected to a single central hub or switch. This is widely used due to its simplicity and ease of troubleshooting.
Advantages:
Easy to detect faults
Scalability
Bus Topology
In a bus topology, all devices share a single communication line. While cost-effective, it can lead to performance issues as the number of devices increases.
Ring Topology
Devices are connected in a circular structure, where each device connects to two others. Data travels in one direction, and if one device fails, it can disrupt the entire network.
Key Networking Devices
To establish and maintain a network, several devices are commonly used:
Routers
Routers connect multiple networks and route data packets between them. They also allow devices within a LAN to communicate with the internet.
Switches
Switches connect devices within a local network, helping them communicate more efficiently by reducing data traffic.
Modems
Modems connect networks to the internet by modulating and demodulating signals, making them essential for home and office networking setups.
Conclusion
As we have explored, computer networks are a complex yet fascinating field with various types, protocols, and devices that support modern communication. For AKTU students and others interested in the subject, mastering these concepts is vital for developing a robust understanding of networking in our interconnected world.